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Parimarjan Negi

Geniuses born today: February 9

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Parimarjan Negi

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Parimarjan Negi

An Indian chess grandmaster who achieved the grandmaster title at the age of 13 years, 4 months, ...

Christoph Martin Wieland

A German poet and writer best-remembered for having written the first Bildungsroman (Geschichte d...

Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus

A genius historian from ancient Greece known for his universal history work Bibliotheca Historica.

Edward Jenner

An English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines including creating the s...

Jan Žižka

A Czech general, a contemporary and follower of Jan Hus.

William Wotton

An English theologian, classical scholar and linguist chiefly remembered for his remarkable abili...

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Scientific Papers of Ettore Majorana - A new expanded edition

Scientific Papers of Ettore Majorana - A new expanded edition

primapagina.sif.it

A new volume, edited by Luisa Cifarelli and jointly published by the Italian Physical Society and Springer, presents in full the work of the Italian theoretical physicist Ettore Majorana and explains its impacts, which is still being felt.This volume is the third edition of the scientific papers of Majorana under the initiative of the Italian Physical Society. The first, titled "Ettore Majorana Scientific Papers – On occasion of the centenary of the birth", edited by Giuseppe Franco Bassani and the Council of the Italian Physical Society, appeared in 2006 (SIF-Springer). This first e...

Cardinal Alberoni: An Italian Precursor of Pacifism and International Arbitration

Cardinal Alberoni: An Italian Precursor of Pacifism and International Arbitration

In a previous study I had occasion to state that the pacifist idea, as well as that of the juridical settlement of international conflicts, dates much farther back than is generally believed, and that it has had sincere advocates in all nations. And what is of even greater importance, international arbitration was practiced to a large extent, both in the Middle Ages and at the time of the Renaissance. I would now present to the enlightened readers of this Journal an Italian personage as one of these advocates, by stating however at the outset, that he lyas not the first among his compatriots, since four centuries before his time, the Venetian Marin Sanudo had consecrated his life to that idea, while the adherents of pacifism can even claim a Dante Alighieri among their number! For many reasons, however, which will be convincingly set forth in the course of these pages, Cardinal Alberoni is deserving of especial attention. The German Gerhoch, the Frenchmen Pierre Dubois and Eméric Crucé, the Czech king George Podiebrad, the Englishman W. Penn, the Portuguese Suarez, the Spaniard Vittoria, the Hollander H. Grotius, and many others, have in him a worthy associate, a fac...

Lady Philosophy: Loving Wisdom in Medieval Rome

Lady Philosophy: Loving Wisdom in Medieval Rome

theconversation.com

A favourite text during the Middle Ages was The Consolation of Philosophy, written by the medieval philosopher, Boethius. In it, we get an unusual style of philosophy that was accessible for a wide audience and contrasts greatly to the rest of Boethius’ writings, which consisted of logical texts. In a personal voice, written in a confessional style, Boethius tells us his life story as he tries to understand the fate that has befallen him. Here we find philosophical dialogue dramatised through the use of poetry, personification and symbolism. His is an incredible tale of riches to rags.Boethius led a privileged life. He was born into the Roman aristocracy in approximately 475 AD and lived most of his life under the rule of Emperor Theoderic. Boethius lost his father early in life but was adopted by an even wealthier family, whose daughter he later married. He became consul in 510 AD, with his two sons following suit in 522. Boethius eventually becoming Theoderic’s ‘Master of Offices’, one of the most senior administrative officials.In The Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius outlines how he finally gained the prestigious position of ‘Master of Offices’, but did not h...

Robert Boyle on the importance of reporting and replicating experiments

Robert Boyle on the importance of reporting and replicating experiments

journals.sagepub.com

Although Robert Boyle was a proponent of the theory that matter was made up of small indivisible particles called corpuscles, he was wary of those who tried to understand the world by adhering to theoretical frameworks – ‘systems’. Boyle delivers this message in several works. For instance, he writes:[What] I wish for, as to systems, is this, that men, in the first place, would forbear to establish any theory, till they have consulted with … a considerable number of experiments, in proportion to the comprehensiveness of the theory to be erected on them.1 (p. 194)He doesn’t forbid such theories, but he cautions his readers:And, in the next place, I would have such kind of superstructures looked upon only as temporary ones; which though they may be preferred before any others, as being the least imperfect, or, if you please, the best in their kind that we yet have, yet are they not entirely to be acquiesced in, as absolutely perfect, or uncapable of improving alterations.2 (p. xviii)...

Scientific Papers of Ettore Majorana - A new expanded edition

Cardinal Alberoni: An Italian Precursor of Pacifism and International Arbitration

Lady Philosophy: Loving Wisdom in Medieval Rome

Robert Boyle on the importance of reporting and replicating experiments

Yaakov Ziv

Who Was Pierre de Fermat? The Mathematician Who Left Behind a Mysterious “Last Theorem”

Mathematics

Who Was Pierre de Fermat? The Mathematician Who Left Behind a Mysterious “Last Theorem”

The great scientific minds of the Renaissance and Enlightenment often made contributions across myriad fields. Pierre de Fermat was no exception. During his lifetime in the 17th century, he made his mark upon optics, probability, analytic geometry, and even laid the some of the foundations for ca...

The Life and Words of Martin Luther King Jr.

Politics

The Life and Words of Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr. was in trouble. He had been arrested in Birmingham, Ala., for leading a freedom march. Now he was in jail. No one could visit him. He could not make a telephone call. This was "solitary."King's wife, Coretta, was home in Atlanta, Ga. She had not heard from her husban...

Francis Crick, cross-worlds influencer: A narrative model to historicize big bioscience

Biology

Francis Crick, cross-worlds influencer: A narrative model to historicize big bioscience

The essay is an empirical case study of famed British scientist Francis Crick. Viewing him as a ‘cross-worlds influencer’ who was moreover dedicated to a cause, I have tried to understand how these two characteristics influenced the trajectory of his long career and how they shaped his contributi...