GENIUSES.CLUB
80 GENIUSES

20th-Century Geniuses Who Shaped the Modern World

The 20th century compressed more scientific revolution into 100 years than the preceding 2,000. Relativity, quantum mechanics, the computer, DNA, and the atom bomb all came from this cohort.

Aage Niels Bohr

Aage Niels Bohr

A Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Mottelson and James Rainwater

Abdus Salam

Abdus Salam

Pakistani theoretical physicist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics

Alan Guth

Alan Guth

An American theoretical physicist and cosmologist.

Alan Turing

Alan Turing

IQ 185

An English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist.

Alan Watts

Alan Watts

IQ 145

A British writer and speaker known for interpreting and popularizing Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism for a Western audien

Albert Camus

Albert Camus

IQ 155

A French writer, philosopher and journalist.

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein

IQ 160

Synonym for genius and one of humanity greatest scientific minds

Alexander Fleming

Alexander Fleming

A Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist.

Alfred Wegener

Alfred Wegener

IQ 160

A German polar researcher, geophysicist and meteorologist.

Alfred J. Lotka

Alfred J. Lotka

IQ 185

A US mathematician, physical chemist, and statistician, famous for his work in population dynamics and energetics.

Andrew Wiles

Andrew Wiles

Proving Fermat's Last Theorem

Arthur Compton

Arthur Compton

An American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his 1923 discovery of the Compton effect.

Ayn Rand

Ayn Rand

IQ 160

Russian-American writer and philosopher

Barbara McClintock

Barbara McClintock

An American scientist and cytogeneticist.

Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Russell

IQ 180

A British polymath, philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobe

Bill Gates

Bill Gates

IQ 160

An American business magnate, software developer, and philanthropist. The co-founder of Microsoft Corporation.

Bobby Fischer

Bobby Fischer

An American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion.

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

An American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.

Carl David Anderson

Carl David Anderson

An American physicist best known for his discovery of the positron in 1932.

Carl Woese

Carl Woese

Discovery of Archaea

Carl Sagan

Carl Sagan

IQ 130

American astrophysicist, cosmologist, author, and science educator

Carl Jung

Carl Jung

IQ 165

A Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology.

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

A British-born American astronomer and astrophysicist who proposed in her 1925 doctoral thesis that stars were composed

C. V. Raman

C. V. Raman

An Indian physicist known mainly for his work in the field of light scattering.

Charles Glover Barkla

Charles Glover Barkla

A British physicist, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917

Charles H. Townes

Charles H. Townes

IQ 165

An American physicist who worked on the theory and application of the maser and laser devices.

Charlie Spencer Chaplin

Charlie Spencer Chaplin

IQ 140

The Great Dictator (1940)
Modern Times (1936)
City Lights (1931)
The Kid (1921)

Yang Chen-Ning

Yang Chen-Ning

A Chinese theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to statistical mechanics, integrable systems, gauge t

Christopher Langan

Christopher Langan

IQ 174

An American autodidact described as "the smartest man in America"

Christopher Hitchens

Christopher Hitchens

IQ 170

An English intellectual, polemicist, and socio-political critic, who expressed himself as an author, orator, essayist an

Claude Shannon

Claude Shannon

IQ 180

An American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory".

Claudio Arrau

Claudio Arrau

A Chilean pianist known for his interpretations of a vast repertoire spanning the baroque to 20th-century composers, esp

Clive Staples Lewis

Clive Staples Lewis

IQ 150

A British writer and lay theologian best known for The Screwtape Letters, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Space Trilog

Craig Venter

Craig Venter

An American biotechnologist and businessman known for leading the first draft sequence of the human genome and assemblin

Daniel Barenboim

Daniel Barenboim

A pianist and conductor who is a citizen of Argentina, Israel, Palestine, and Spain who gave his first formal concert in

Donald Knuth

Donald Knuth

An American computer scientist who is called the "father of the analysis of algorithms" and is known for the work The Ar

Acharya S

Acharya S

IQ 160

An American genius writer supporting the theory that Jesus never existed as a historical person.

Edith Stern

Edith Stern

IQ 200

An American inventor and mathematician who holds over 100 US patents and was the youngest ever graduate of Florida Atlan

Edward Witten

Edward Witten

An American mathematical and theoretical physicist who was awarded a Fields Medal for the proof of the positive energy t

Edwin Hubble

Edwin Hubble

IQ 170

A genius American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observa

Emmy Noether

Emmy Noether

A genius German mathematician who discovered Noether's theorem. Albert Einstein described her as the most important woma

Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi

IQ 190

An Italian physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He is considered as the a

Erich Wolfgang Korngold

Erich Wolfgang Korngold

An Austrian-born American composer and conductor who became one of the most important and influential composers in Holly

Erich Fromm

Erich Fromm

IQ 160

A German social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was one o

Ernest Lawrence

Ernest Lawrence

A pioneering American nuclear scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclot

Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford

A genius New Zealand physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. He is considered to be the greates

Ernest Walton

Ernest Walton

An Anglo-Irish physicist and Nobel laureate who became the first person in history to split the atom.

Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Hemingway

IQ 170

An American novelist, short-story writer, journalist, and sportsman best known for his novels For Whom the Bell Tolls, A

Erwin Chargaff

Erwin Chargaff

An Austro-Hungarian-born American biochemist who discovered two rules that helped lead to the discovery of the double he

Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Schrödinger

IQ 190

A Nobel Prize-winning Austrian-Irish physicist best known for his "Schrödinger's cat" thought experiment.

Ettore Majorana

Ettore Majorana

IQ 183

An Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses. The Majorana equation and Majorana fermions are named af

Frances Oldham Kelsey

Frances Oldham Kelsey

A Canadian-born American pharmacologist and physician. Kelsey's career intersected with the passage of laws strengthenin

Francis Crick

Francis Crick

IQ 173

A British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist best known for the discoveries concerning the molecular

F. Scott Fitzgerald

F. Scott Fitzgerald

IQ 145

Is an American novelist and screenwriter known across the world for his novel The Great Gatsby.

Frank Drake

Frank Drake

IQ 140

An American astronomer and astrophysicist who was part of Project Ozma.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt

IQ 151

An American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka

A genius Czech novelist known for the surreal subject of his novel "Metamorphosis".

Fred Hoyle

Fred Hoyle

An English astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis

Frederick Sanger

Frederick Sanger

IQ 175

A genius British biochemist who discovered the structure of insulin and one two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry.

Frederick Rossini

Frederick Rossini

IQ 180

An American thermodynamicist noted for his work in chemical thermodynamics.

Fritz Albert Lipmann

Fritz Albert Lipmann

A German-American biochemist and a co-discoverer in 1945 of coenzyme A.

Garry Kasparov

Garry Kasparov

IQ 190

A Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer, and political activist and commentator

Eugene Merle Shoemaker

Eugene Merle Shoemaker

An American geologist whose ashes were carried to the Moon with the Lunar Prospector mission.

George de Hevesy

George de Hevesy

A Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate for the development of radioactive tracers to study chemi

George Wald

George Wald

An American scientist who studied pigments in the retina. His findings helped to determine how genetics influence the co

Georges Lemaître

Georges Lemaître

A Belgian Catholic priest, mathematician, astronomer, and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Louvain.

Gian Carlo Menotti

Gian Carlo Menotti

An Italian-American composer, librettist, director, and playwright who is primarily known for his output of 25 operas

Gilbert N. Lewis

Gilbert N. Lewis

IQ 195

Covalent bondLewis dot structuresValence bond theoryElectronic theory of acids and basesChemical thermodynamicsFugacityH

Giulio Natta

Giulio Natta

An Italian chemist and Nobel laureate

Glenn Gould

Glenn Gould

Canadian composer and pianist who is one of the best known and most celebrated pianists of the 20th century

Glenn T. Seaborg

Glenn T. Seaborg

An American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, discovery and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned

Grace Hopper

Grace Hopper

An American computer scientist and United States Navy rear admiral who was one of the first programmers of the Harvard M

Grigori Perelman

Grigori Perelman

Russian mathematician who is known for his contributions to the fields of geometric analysis, Riemannian geometry, and g

Guglielmo Marconi

Guglielmo Marconi

IQ 165

An Italian inventor and electrical engineer, known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission.

György Cziffra

György Cziffra

A Hungarian-French virtuoso pianist and composer who was taught by István Thomán, who was a favourite pupil of Franz Lis

Hannah Arendt

Hannah Arendt

IQ 140

A German-born American political theorist who was an avid critic of totalitarian regimes, Nazism and Fascism in particul

Harold Urey

Harold Urey

An American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 for the d

Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp

IQ 175

A French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual

Henry Moseley

Henry Moseley

An English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics lead to the discovery of the X-Ray spectrum.

Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.

Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.

IQ 168

A United States Army general who led all coalition forces in the Gulf War.

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Preguntas Frecuentes

Who is the greatest 20th-century genius?

Albert Einstein is nearly universally ranked the greatest 20th-century mind; Alan Turing, John von Neumann, and Marie Curie follow closely.

What did Gödel prove?

Kurt Gödel proved (1931) that any consistent formal system powerful enough for arithmetic contains true statements it cannot prove — the Incompleteness Theorems.

Was Einstein the smartest person ever?

Einstein never took an IQ test. Most rankings put him in the top 10 ever; William James Sidis, Terence Tao, and Newton are often ranked above him by IQ estimates.

Who invented the computer?

Konrad Zuse built the first programmable computer (Z3, 1941); Alan Turing's theoretical work and John von Neumann's architecture defined what a computer is.

What did Feynman teach?

Richard Feynman taught physics at Caltech and wrote The Feynman Lectures on Physics — the most-read physics textbook ever.