The multi-plane camera technique utilized by Yuri Norstein employs a series of glass layers placed one meter deep to generate three-dimensional visual depth. Born in 1941 in the village of Andreyevka, this Russian animator and director spent decades developing a distinct aesthetic characterized by smoothly moving paintings rather than traditional flat cut-outs, influencing international perceptions of animated cinema.
Early Career at Soyuzmultfilm
Following studies at a local art school and a brief stint at a furniture factory, Norstein completed a two-year animation course. He joined the Soyuzmultfilm studio in 1961, where he gained initial experience as an animator on films including the 1962 production Who Said Meow?. By 1968, he debuted as a director with 25th October, the First Day, co-directed with Arkadiy Tyurin. He continued to refine his technical approach through the 1970s, collaborating frequently with artist Francheska Yarbusova and cinematographer Aleksandr Zhukovskiy.
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Norstein is primarily recognized for his short films, including The Heron and the Crane and the critically noted Hedgehog in the Fog. His work on Tale of Tales, a non-linear autobiographical exploration of the postwar Soviet era, received significant acclaim, including being voted the best animated film of all time during the 1984 Summer Olympics. His animation process involves moving individual glass planes horizontally and vertically to simulate spatial movement, a methodology that demands significant patience and precision.
The Overcoat and Independent Projects
Since 1981, Norstein has dedicated himself to a feature-length adaptation of Nikolai Gogol’s The Overcoat. His progress on the film, characterized by an exceptionally slow pace, led to his dismissal from Soyuzmultfilm in 1985. Despite the setback, he continues to seek funding and production support to complete the project, which is intended to run for 65 minutes. In 1993, he co-founded the Animation School and Studio, known as SHAR Studio, to foster new creative work.
Critical Writing and Political Stance
Beyond his directorial work, Norstein has contributed to the discourse on animation theory. He authored lectures compiled in the two-volume publication Snow on the Grass, which features extensive illustrations and analysis of the craft. Throughout his career, he has maintained a presence in public life, voicing concerns regarding government corruption and signing an open letter against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, despite his prior support for the annexation of Crimea.
Fast facts
- Born: 1941, Andreyevka
- Employment: Soyuzmultfilm (1961-1989)
- Notable Works: Hedgehog in the Fog, Tale of Tales
- Awards: Winsor McCay Award (1991), People's Artist of the Russian Federation (1996)
- Education: Moscow Art School
- Current Project: The Overcoat
- Co-founder: SHAR Studio (1993)
- Languages: Russian
Questions readers ask
Why is Yuri Norstein known as The Golden Snail?
He earned the nickname due to his meticulous attention to detail and the extreme slowness of his animation process, particularly regarding his ongoing feature film, The Overcoat.
What animation technique does he use?
He utilizes a multi-plane camera setup where glass planes are positioned at different depths to create a three-dimensional effect when viewed from above.
Achievements
- Order of the Rising Sun
- Worked as film director, actor and screenwriter
