Nobel Prize Winners: The Greatest Minds Honored

An American novelist, short-story writer, journalist, and sportsman best known for his novels For Whom the Bell Tolls, A

George de Hevesy

A Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate for the development of radioactive tracers to study chemi

George Wald

An American scientist who studied pigments in the retina. His findings helped to determine how genetics influence the co

Giulio Natta

An Italian chemist and Nobel laureate

Glenn T. Seaborg

An American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, discovery and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned

Harold Urey

An American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 for the d

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

A Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate who liquefied helium for the first time in 1908.

Hendrik Lorentz

A Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman

Hermann Staudinger

A German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers

Howard Florey

An Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize for his role in the development of penicillin.

Ilya Prigogine

A physical chemist and Nobel laureate noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility

Ivan Pavlov

A Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.

John Cockcroft

A British physicist who shared with Ernest Walton the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951 for splitting the atomic nucleus

John Eccles (neurophysiologist)

An Australian neurophysiologist and philosopher who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on t

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

A British scientist who received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physics for his investigations of the densities of the most imp

John Bardeen

An American engineer and physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice.

John Forbes Nash Jr.

An American mathematician who made fundamental contributions to game theory, differential geometry, and the study of par

Joseph John Thomson

A British physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery of the electron

Karl Landsteiner

An Austrian biologist, physician, and immunologist who distinguished the main blood groups in 1900.

Lawrence Bragg

An Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915.

Lev Landau

A Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics.

Linus Pauling

An American chemist, biochemist, chemical engineer, peace activist, author, and educator

Louis de Broglie

A French physicist and aristocrat who made groundbreaking contributions to quantum theory.

Luis Walter Alvarez

An American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968 for the developme

Marie Curie

A Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.

Maurice Wilkins

A New Zealand-born British biophysicist and Nobel laureate whose research spanned multiple areas of physics and biophysi

Max Planck

A German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.

Milton Friedman

IQ 155

An American economist who is widely regarded as one of the best economists of the 20th century by many

Niels Bohr

A Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the

Paul Dirac

An English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century.

Percy Williams Bridgman

IQ 185

An American physicist who received the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures.

Pyotr Kapitsa

A leading Soviet physicist, engineer, and Nobel laureate, best known for his work in low-temperature physics.

Richard Feynman

An American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics.

Robert Koch

IQ 155

A German physician and microbiologist regarded as one of the main founders of modern bacteriology.

Robert Andrews Millikan

An American experimental physicist honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for the measurement of the elementar

Roger Wolcott Sperry

Split-brain research and Chemoaffinity hypothesis

Santiago Ramón y Cajal

A Spanish neuroscientist, pathologist, and histologist who was the first person of Spanish origin to win the Noble Prize

Selman Waksman

Russian Empire-born Jewish-American inventor, biochemist, and microbiologist whose research led to the creation of the f

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

An Indian-American astrophysicist who spent his professional life in the United States.

Susumu Tonegawa

A Japanese scientist who was the sole recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987, for his discovery

Walther Nernst

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Werner Heisenberg

German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics.

Wilhelm Ostwald

A Baltic German chemist and philosopher who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his scientific contributio

William Shockley

An American physicist and inventor who won the Nobel Prize for researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the t

William Butler Yeats

An English-language Irish poet, dramatist, prose writer and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature.

Wolfgang Pauli