Surya Bahadur Thapa served as the Prime Minister of Nepal five separate times, navigating the shifting political landscape of his nation over a career spanning more than half a century. Born in the Dhankuta district, he began his ascent through the governmental ranks in 1958, eventually becoming a foundational figure within the monarchical and constitutional systems of the country.
Early Political Development
After graduating from the University of Allahabad, Thapa entered the national political sphere in 1958 as a member of the advisory council. By 1959, he was elected to the upper house. During the early 1960s, he operated under the newly implemented Panchayat system, serving as the Minister of Agriculture, Forest and Industry, and later as the Minister of Finance. He gained prominence for his involvement in the 'Muluki-Ain,' an initiative designed to challenge social discrimination against untouchable castes and advocate for women's suffrage.
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Thapa frequently pushed for systemic political change during his tenures. In 1972, a public address in Itum-Bahal resulted in his arrest and imprisonment in Nakhhu Jail, where he eventually conducted a 21-day hunger strike to protest for democratic reforms. Despite these setbacks, he was appointed Prime Minister again in 1980 following a national referendum. His governance during this era included surviving a no-confidence motion in 1981, though he eventually resigned the premiership in 1983.
The RPP and Final Government Roles
Following the transition to a constitutional democracy in 1990, Thapa established the Rastriya Prajatantra Party, serving as its chairman. He returned to the office of Prime Minister in 1997 to resolve a constitutional crisis and held the position again in 2003. During this final term, his administration prioritized the integration of women and marginalized groups into government service through quota systems. As Chairman of SAARC, he also facilitated diplomatic engagement between India and Pakistan before resigning in 2004.
Fast facts
- Born: 1928, Dhankuta
- Died: 15 April 2015, New Delhi
- Education: University of Allahabad
- Political Party: Rastriya Prajatantra Party
- Total Terms as Prime Minister: Five
- Religion: Hinduism
Questions readers ask
What specific social reforms did Thapa implement during his early years?
He oversaw the 'Muluki-Ain' which aimed to end the practice of untouchable castes and supported women's suffrage.
How did Thapa attempt to combat terrorism during his final term as Prime Minister?
He established the Unified Command to allow the police, army, and armed security to function as a cohesive team against insurgent attacks.
Achievements
- Member of the Parliament of Nepal
- Prime Minister of Nepal (2003–2004)
- Educated at University of Allahabad
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