The Manila Metropolitan Theatre, completed in 1935, stands as a primary example of the shift toward moderne aesthetic principles led by Juan M. Arellano. His portfolio transformed the civic landscape of the Philippines during the early twentieth century, balancing international academic training with the logistical requirements of local government infrastructure and the reconstruction of Manila following World War II.
Early Training and International Exposure
Born on April 25, 1888, in Tondo, Manila, Arellano initially pursued painting under instructors including Lorenzo Guerrero and Fabian de la Rosa. He shifted focus to architecture as one of the first pensionados sent to the United States. He studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and earned a bachelor’s degree from the Drexel Institute. His professional foundation was strengthened by work in New York City with George B. Post & Sons, where he collaborated with Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
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Upon returning to the Philippines, Arellano entered the Bureau of Public Works. Alongside Tomás Mapúa, he assumed the role of supervising architect as the department transitioned away from the influence of American architects like George Fenhagen and Ralph H. Doane. His administrative duties included developing Manila's first comprehensive zoning plan and, in 1940, creating a capital city design for Quezon City in collaboration with Harry Frost.
Architectural Legacy and Style
Arellano’s output included prominent civic structures such as the Manila Central Post Office and the Legislative Building, completed in 1926. After a 1927 study leave in the United States, his work displayed increased Art Deco influence. Throughout the 1930s, he designed various provincial capitols, including those in Negros Occidental, Cebu, and Misamis Occidental. His career concluded with his retirement in 1956, after which he returned to his original interest in painting until his death on December 5, 1960.
Fast facts
- Born: 25 April 1888, Manila
- Died: 5 December 1960, Metro Manila
- Education: Ateneo Municipal de Manila, Drexel Institute
- Key Works: Manila Central Post Office, Legislative Building, Manila Metropolitan Theatre
- Occupation: Architect
Questions readers ask
What influence did Arellano's travel have on his designs?
A 1927 study leave in the United States introduced him to Art Deco styles, which significantly influenced his subsequent work.
How did World War II affect his buildings?
The Legislative Building and Jones Bridge were destroyed, and the Post Office Building sustained severe damage, with subsequent reconstructions failing to follow his original designs.
Achievements
- Notable work: Manila Metropolitan Theatre
- Notable work: Manila Central Post Office
- Trained at Ateneo de Manila University and Drexel University
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