Pierre de Fermat vs Voltaire
Pierre de Fermat (IQ 175) vs Voltaire (IQ 190). Side-by-side comparison of intellect, achievements, era and cultural impact.
| Born | 1607 | 1694 |
|---|---|---|
| Died | — | 1778 |
| Country | FR | FR |
| Estimated IQ | 175 | 190 |
| Best known for | Fermat's Last Theorem | The novel Candide |
Who had the higher IQ?
By the most cited estimates, Voltaire tops this matchup with an estimated IQ of 190, a 15-point margin over Pierre de Fermat (175). IQ estimates for historical figures are reconstructions, not test results — they sit on top of biographical evidence, productivity, and the difficulty of the problems each person solved. Treat the number as a directional signal, not a verdict.
Achievements compared
Pierre de Fermat is best known for: Fermat's Last Theorem Voltaire is best known for: The novel Candide
Different eras, different boards
The two were born roughly 87 years apart (1607 vs 1694), which matters: scientific tools, available knowledge, and intellectual culture compound. Comparing minds across eras is comparing players on different boards.
The verdict
So who was greater? The honest answer: they're not strictly comparable. By raw IQ proxy, Voltaire edges out. By measurable, lasting influence in their respective field, both are anchors of the human record. If you have to pick one to bet civilization on, pick the one working on the problem you care about.