Bentham defined as the "fundamental axiom" of his philosophy the principle that "it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong". He became a leading theorist in Anglo-American philosophy of law, and a political radical whose ideas influenced the development of welfarism. He advocated individual and economic freedoms, the separation of church and state, freedom of expression, equal rights for women, the right to divorce, and (in an unpublished essay) the decriminalizing of homosexual acts. He called for the abolition of slavery, capital punishment, and physical punishment, including that of children. He has also become known as an early advocate of animal rights. Though strongly in favour of the extension of individual legal rights, he opposed the idea of natural law and natural rights (both of which are considered "divine" or "God-given" in origin), calling them "nonsense upon stilts". However, he viewed the Magna Carta as important, citing it to argue that the treatment of convicts in Australia was unlawful. Bentham was also a sharp critic of legal fictions.
생애와 경력
Bentham's students included his secretary and collaborator James Mill, the latter's son, John Stuart Mill, the legal philosopher John Austin and American writer and activist John Neal. He "had considerable influence on the reform of prisons, schools, poor laws, law courts, and Parliament itself."
On his death in 1832, Bentham left instructions for his body to be first dissected and then to be permanently preserved as an "auto-icon" (or self-image), which would be his memorial. This was done, and the auto-icon is now on public display in the entrance of the Student Centre at University College London (UCL). Although he has been described as the "spiritual founder" of UCL due to his advocacy for the general availability of education, his direct involvement in the university's founding was limited.
Bentham is famous for his book An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789), which presents his theory of utilitarianism and which is the first major book on the topic.
주요 사실
- Born: February 15, 1748 in London, England, Kingdom of Great Britain
- 사망: 1832
- 분야: Philosophy
유산과 영향
The influence of Jeremy Bentham extends far beyond their own lifetime. They fundamentally shaped human thought and intellectual discourse, and their ideas and philosophical frameworks remain foundational to this day.
비록 1832년에 세상을 떠났지만, 그의 사상은 오늘날까지 전 세계 학자와 실무자들에 의해 연구·논의·발전되고 있다.
Jeremy Bentham은(는) England이(가) 배출한 가장 칭송받는 인재 중 한 명으로 남아 있으며, 그 지역의 풍부한 지적 유산을 보여준다.
England의 저명한 천재들
England은(는) 많은 뛰어난 인재를 배출했다. Jeremy Bentham와(과) 더불어:
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