Born in 1911 in the Backergunge District, Sufia Kamal emerged as a foundational figure in the cultural and political evolution of Bangladesh. Over a career spanning seven decades, she navigated the transitions from the British Raj to Pakistan and finally to an independent nation, distinguishing herself as a prolific writer, journalist, and unwavering advocate for women's rights.
Early Development and Literary Beginnings
Raised in Shayestabad by her mother, Sabera Begum, after her father departed to live as an ascetic, Kamal received a traditional home education. Her proficiency in Bengali, Arabic, and Hindustani was established early. In 1923, her short story Shainik Badhu appeared in a local publication. Her literary trajectory gained significant momentum in 1938 with the publication of her first poetry collection, Sanjher Maya, which earned praise from both Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam.
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Kamal's influence extended deep into the political sphere. In 1947, she became the inaugural editor of the Begum weekly, a magazine focused on women's issues. By 1948, she assumed the chairmanship of the Purbo Pakistan Mohila Committee. Her involvement deepened during the 1952 Language Movement and the 1969 mass uprising against the military regime of Ayub Khan, where she helped organize the Mohila Sangram Parishad.
Resistance During the Liberation War
Throughout the 1971 conflict, Kamal maintained clandestine support for freedom fighters in Dhaka, providing essential food and medical supplies despite constant surveillance by the Pakistani military. She famously refused to sign a document denying the occurrence of massacres, stating she would rather die than validate a falsehood. Her resilience under threat made her a symbol of defiance, and the international pressure surrounding her safety became a focal point of diplomatic attention.
Post-Independence and Legacy
Following the creation of Bangladesh, Kamal chaired the Mahila Parishad, continuing her long-term advocacy for female equality. She also served as the first Chairperson of BRAC between 1972 and 1980. Recognized extensively for her contributions to literature and society, she received the Ekushey Padak in 1976 and the Begum Rokeya Padak in 1996. Upon her death in 1999, she became the first woman in the nation to receive a state funeral.
Fast facts
- Born: 20 June 1911, Barishal
- Died: 20 November 1999, Dhaka
- Major Literary Award: Bangla Academy Literary Award
- Key Feminism Award: Begum Rokeya Padak (1996)
- Notable Civil Honour: Independence Award
- Citizenship: British Raj, Pakistan, Bangladesh
- Religious Affiliation: Islam
- Primary Languages: Bangla
Questions readers ask
What was the significance of the 1971 interview broadcast?
International radio reports had falsely claimed Kamal was killed by the Pakistan Army. To prove she was alive and counter diplomatic pressure, the military government was forced to broadcast an interview with her.
Was she a professional journalist?
Yes. She worked as a journalist and served as the first editor of the Begum weekly, which focused on women's issues.
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