The launch of Soyuz 10 on 23 April 1971 marked the first time Nikolay Rukavishnikov entered space, establishing him as the 50th human to do so. Serving as an engineer, physicist, and cosmonaut, he participated in three distinct missions within the Soviet space programme during a career defined by technical challenges and engineering adjustments.
Early Education and Career
Born in 1932 in Tomsk, Rukavishnikov pursued academic studies at the National Research Nuclear University between 1951 and 1957. Following his graduation, he joined the design bureau overseen by Sergey Korolev. This institution later became the S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia. He remained involved with this organization for much of his professional life, returning there after concluding his service as an active cosmonaut in 1987.
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Rukavishnikov's first mission, Soyuz 10, involved crew members Vladimir Shatalov and Aleksei Yeliseyev. Although the crew attempted to dock with the Salyut 1 space station, they were unable to complete the maneuver and returned to Earth after two days. His second mission, Soyuz 16, launched on 2 December 1974 alongside Anatoly Filipchenko. This six-day flight successfully tested the Soyuz 7K-TM hardware intended for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project.
Final Flight and Emergency Landing
In April 1979, Rukavishnikov commanded Soyuz 33 alongside Bulgarian cosmonaut Georgi Ivanov as part of the Intercosmos programme. The mission aimed to reach the Salyut 6 space station, but a main engine failure during the final approach prevented docking. The crew executed an emergency return using the backup engine. The resulting re-entry subjected the pair to a 10-g ballistic force, though both were recovered safely.
Fast facts
- Born: 1932, Tomsk
- Died: 19 October 2002, Moscow
- Education: National Research Nuclear University, 1951-1957
- Selected for cosmonaut training: 1967
- Space missions: Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, Soyuz 33
- Primary employer: S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia
- Awards: Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, four Orders of Lenin
- Burial site: Ostankino Cemetery
Questions readers ask
How many times did Rukavishnikov fly into space?
He flew three missions: Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, and Soyuz 33.
What caused the emergency during the Soyuz 33 mission?
The spacecraft experienced a main engine failure during its final approach to the Salyut 6 station, forcing the crew to use the backup engine for a difficult re-entry.
Achievements
- Affiliated with S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia
- Educated at National Research Nuclear University
- Worked as engineer, astronaut and physicist
