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Abu Rayhan al-Biruni

An Iranian scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age.

Albertus Magnus

A 13th century German Dominican friar and saint

Alexander Fleming

A Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist.

Alexander Graham Bell

A scientist and inventor known for his work on the telephone

Alexander von Humboldt

A German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.

Alfred Russel Wallace

A British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator.

Andreas Vesalius

A 16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De Humani

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

A Dutch businessman and scientist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

Arnold Sommerfeld

A German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle

A 19th-century Swiss botanist, noted for his contributions to taxonomy.

Barbara McClintock

An American scientist and cytogeneticist.

Benjamin Franklin

American polymath and a Founding Father of the United States.

Charles Nicolle

A French bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine

Émile Durkheim

A French sociologist who is considered to be the principal architect of modern social science along with Max Weber

Elon Musk

One in a lifetime entrepreneur, business giant, scientist & engineer. The man behind Tesla, Space-X and more.

Emanuel Swedenborg

A Swedish pluralistic-Christian theologian, scientist, philosopher and mystic best known his book on the afterlife, Heav

Ernest Rutherford

A genius New Zealand physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. He is considered to be the greates

Francis Galton

An English Victorian era polymath who was proponent of social Darwinism, eugenics and scientific racism.

George Gore (electrochemist)

An English electrochemist whose research with phosphorus has led to the creation of matches.

Poggio Bracciolini

An Italian scholar and an early Renaissance humanist.

Hero of Alexandria

A Greco-Egyptian mathematician and engineer who was active in his native city of Alexandria

Ivan Pavlov

A Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.

Jacques Cousteau

a French naval officer, explorer, and conservationist who co-developed the Aqua-Lung and pioneered marine conservation

James Croll

A Scottish scientist who developed a theory of climate variability based on changes in the Earth's orbit

James Clerk Maxwell

AScottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics who formulated the classical theory of electromagnetic radiatio

John Michell

English scientist, geologist, and astronomer who was the first person known to have proposed the existence of black hole

Joseph Henry

An American scientist who served as the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

Marcus Terentius Varro

One of ancient Rome's greatest scholars and a prolific author

Marie Curie

A Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.

Martin Gardner

Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science; "Mathematical Games" (Scientific American column); The Annotated Alice; The

Mary Somerville

A Scottish scientist, writer, and polymath who played a crucial role in the women's rights movement in the United Kingdo

Matthew Fontaine Maury

An American astronomer, historian, oceanographer, meteorologist, cartographer, author, geologist, educator, and naval of

Michio Kaku

American theoretical physicist, futurist and author

Milutin Milanković

A Serbian mathematician, astronomer, climatologist, geophysicist, civil engineer and popularizer of science.

Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi

A Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, and important figure in the history of medicine.

Neil deGrasse Tyson

An American astrophysicist, planetary scientist, author, and science communicator.

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot

A French mechanical engineer in the French Army, military scientist and physicist, and often described as the "father of

Nicolas Steno

A Danish scientist, a pioneer in both anatomy and geology who became a Catholic bishop in his later years.

Origen

An early Christian scholar, ascetic, and theologian who was born and spent the first half of his career in Alexandria.

Otto von Guericke

A German scientist, inventor, and politician who pioneered scientific work in the development of experimental methods, a

Ralph Cudworth

An English Anglican clergyman, Christian Hebraist, classicist, theologian and philosopher, and a leading figure among th

René Descartes

A French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who invented analytical geometry.

Robert Hooke

An English polymath active as a scientist and architect, who, using a microscope, was the first to visualize a micro-org

Rosalind Franklin

An English chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of

Sergei Winogradsky

A Russian microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist who pioneered the cycle-of-life concept.

Sophie Germain

A French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher.

Srinivasa Ramanujan

Indian mathematician who is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians ever

Stephen Jay Gould

An American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.

Steven Pinker

A Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, linguist, and popular science author.

Thomas Harriot

An English astronomer, mathematician, ethnographer and translator to whom the theory of refraction is attributed

Thomas Young

A British polymath who made notable contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, l

Werner Heisenberg

German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics.

Wilhelm von Humboldt

A Prussian philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin.

William Wotton

An English theologian, classical scholar and linguist chiefly remembered for his remarkable abilities in learning langua

William Whewell

An English polymath, scientist, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science.

Yeshayahu Leibowitz

Greatest Israeli philosopher

Jack Andraka

An American scientist, inventor, and cancer researcher who won the grand prize for his method of detecting several forms

Shree Bose

An American scientist, inventor, and speaker who is the cofounder of Piper, a STEM education company creating engineerin

Marian Bechtel

An American former child prodigy and scientist known for her landmine detector.

Saheela Ibraheem

A Nigerian-American former child prodigy who was admitted to Harvard at the age of 15

Brittany Wenger

An American student who was the first-place winner of the Google Science Fair in 2012.

Esther Lederberg

An American microbiologist and a pioneer of bacterial genetics

Shen Kuo

Manuel António Gomes

Pioneer in solar energy, inventor, physicist, and priest, Father Himalaya