Hooke was a Fellow of the Royal Society and from 1662, he was its first Curator of Experiments. From 1665 to 1703, he was also Professor of Geometry at Gresham College. Hooke began his scientific career as an assistant to the physical scientist Robert Boyle. Hooke built the vacuum pumps that were used in Boyle's experiments on gas law and also conducted experiments. In 1664, Hooke identified the rotations of Mars and Jupiter. Hooke's 1665 book Micrographia, in which he coined the term cell, encouraged microscopic investigations. Investigating optics – specifically light refraction – Hooke inferred a wave theory of light. His is the first-recorded hypothesis of the cause of the expansion of matter by heat, of air's composition by small particles in constant motion that thus generate its pressure, and of heat as energy.
生平与生涯
In physics, Hooke inferred that gravity obeys an inverse square law and arguably was the first to hypothesise such a relation in planetary motion, a principle Isaac Newton furthered and formalised in Newton's law of universal gravitation. Priority over this insight contributed to the rivalry between Hooke and Newton. In geology and palaeontology, Hooke identified the organic origin and significance of fossils embedded in sedimentary rocks, thus questioning the Biblical view of the Earth's creation. His explanations for the origin of such fossils, some of which he identified as being of extinct species, presaged 19th-century arguments for biological evolution. He also argued that hills and mountains had become elevated by geological processes (rather than having been created exactly as they are today).
关键事实
- Born: July 28, 1635 in Freshwater, Isle of Wight, England
- 逝世: 1703
- 领域: Science
遗产与影响
The influence of Robert Hooke extends far beyond his own lifetime. He fundamentally shaped our understanding of the natural world, and his discoveries and theories remain foundational to this day.
Though he passed away in 1703, his ideas continue to be studied, debated, and built upon by scholars and practitioners worldwide.
Robert Hooke至今仍是England诞生的最受赞誉的头脑之一,是该地区丰厚思想遗产的明证。
England的杰出天才
England孕育了众多卓越的头脑。与Robert Hooke并列:
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