Newton, Shakespeare, Darwin, Turing, Hawking — the British minds whose ideas defined the modern world.
60 GeniusesBritain has produced more world-changing geniuses per capita than almost any nation in history. Newton invented calculus. Shakespeare invented modern drama. Darwin invented evolution. Turing invented the computer.
This list ranks British geniuses by IQ and influence.
Isaac Newton and William Shakespeare are the two most-cited candidates. Newton transformed physics and mathematics; Shakespeare reshaped the English language.
Yes. Hawking was born in Oxford, educated at Cambridge, and held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics — the same chair Newton held.
Turing's IQ is estimated around 185. He invented the theoretical computer (the Turing machine) and broke the Enigma code in WWII.
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