Haydn arose from humble origins, the child of working people in a rural village. He established his career first by serving as a chorister at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, then through an arduous period as a freelance musician. Eventually he found career success, spending much of his working life as music director for the wealthy Esterházy family at their palace of Eszterháza in rural Hungary. Though he had his own orchestra there, it isolated him from other composers and trends in music so that he was, as he put it, "forced to become original". During this period his music circulated widely in publication, eventually making him the most celebrated composer in Europe. Notable works include the Paris and London symphonies. With the death of his patron Nikolaus Esterházy in 1790, Haydn was free to travel, and augmented his fame as a performer before the public in both London and Vienna. Late in life, he composed the oratorios The Creation and The Seasons. The last years of his life (1803–1809) were spent in a state of debility, unable to compose due to poor health. He died in Vienna in 1809 at the age of 77.
Vita e carriera
Harold C. Schonberg writes that Haydn "was the Classic performer par excellence, and in his long life, from 1732 to 1809, he grew up with the new musical ideas and, more than any one man, shaped them." He was the elder brother of composer Michael Haydn, a friend and mentor of Mozart, and a teacher of Beethoven.
Fatti chiave
- Born: March 31, 1732 in Rohrau, Austria
- Morto: 1809
- Campo: Music
Eredità e Impatto
The influence of Joseph Haydn extends far beyond his own lifetime. He fundamentally shaped the landscape of music, and his compositions and musical innovations remain foundational to this day.
Though he passed away in 1809, his ideas continue to be studied, debated, and built upon by scholars and practitioners worldwide.
Joseph Haydn resta una delle menti più celebrate emerse da Austria, testimonianza del ricco patrimonio intellettuale della regione.
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