The 1985 1 Rand coin features the profile of Marais Viljoen, who served as the final ceremonial head of state for South Africa. His public career spanned several decades, moving from a position in the post office to the highest office in the nation, concluding just as the country transitioned to an executive presidency model.
Early Career and Education
Born in 1915 in Robertson, Viljoen attended Jan van Riebeeck High School in Cape Town before completing his education at the University of Cape Town. His professional life began within the postal service. He later transitioned into journalism, working for the Afrikaans newspaper Die Transvaler under the editorship of future Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd.
Twenty questions, eight minutes on the clock, and a percentile measured against everyone who has taken it. No sign-up.
Take the IQ test →Legislative and Ministerial Tenure
Viljoen entered the House of Assembly representing Alberton. During his time as a member of the National Party, he served in various ministerial capacities. He also held the role of President of the Senate. Before assuming the state presidency, he briefly served as acting head of state from 21 August 1978 to 10 October 1978, following the departure of B.J. Vorster.
The State Presidency
Following the Muldergate Scandal and the subsequent resignation of B.J. Vorster, Viljoen was appointed to the office of state president on 4 June 1979. He performed the duties of this position until 3 September 1984. During this era, the role was strictly ceremonial, functioning similarly to the previous office of Governor-General. His tenure ended with the implementation of the 1983 Constitution, which consolidated power into an executive presidency held by P. W. Botha.
Later Years and Legacy
After retiring from public life in 1984, Viljoen maintained an interest in political affairs. In 1961, while serving as the MP for Alberton, he opened Hoërskool Marais Viljoen, an institution that bears his name. He passed away in Pretoria on 4 January 2007 due to heart failure and was honored with a state funeral on 13 January 2007.
Fast facts
- Born: 2 December 1915, Robertson
- Died: 4 January 2007, Pretoria
- Education: University of Cape Town
- State President of South Africa: 1979-1984
- Spouse: Dorothea Maria Brink
- Awards: Order of Good Hope
- Career: Politician and minister
Questions readers ask
What was the nature of Viljoen's presidency?
He served as the final ceremonial state president, a role that was primarily symbolic rather than executive.
When did Viljoen leave office?
He left office on 3 September 1984, when P. W. Botha transitioned the role into an executive state presidency.
