The career of John Donne took a definitive turn in 1601 when his secret marriage to Anne More resulted in his dismissal from a prestigious secretarial position and temporary imprisonment. This event marked a transition from a life of legal ambition and military service to one of prolonged financial instability, deeply influencing the tone of his subsequent literary output.
Formative Years and Education
Born in London in 1572 into a recusant Catholic family, Donne faced early religious and personal challenges following his father's death in 1576. He pursued studies at Hart Hall in Oxford and later at the University of Cambridge. Due to his refusal to take the Oath of Supremacy, he could not graduate from either institution. He eventually transitioned to legal training at Thavie's Inn and Lincoln's Inn.
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Before his marriage, Donne explored opportunities in travel and public service. He participated in military expeditions against the Spanish at Cadiz and the Azores during the 1590s. His professional life included serving as a member of the 1601 and 1614 Parliaments. He also functioned as a lawyer and worked as an assistant pamphleteer before entering the church.
Ecclesiastical Tenure
Despite initial resistance, Donne accepted ordination as an Anglican deacon and priest in 1615. His formal religious career culminated in his appointment as the Dean of St Paul's, a position he held from 1621 until his death in 1631. He became recognized for his sermons during this decade, alongside his enduring reputation as a writer of metaphysical poetry.
Fast facts
- Born: 1572, London
- Died: 1631, London
- Burial place: St Paul's Cathedral
- Education: University of Cambridge
- Dean of St Paul's: 1621-1631
- Spouse: Anne More
- Occupations: Poet, lawyer, cleric, politician
- Citizenship: Kingdom of England
Questions readers ask
What characterized Donne's poetic style?
His work is defined by metaphysical conceits, abrupt openings, ironies, paradoxes, and the use of everyday speech rhythms.
How did his marriage affect his life?
The secret marriage caused his dismissal from the service of the Lord Keeper, leading to years of significant financial hardship.
Achievements
- Genres: metaphysical poets
