The Copenhagen University Library, completed in 1861, introduced a structural reliance on cast iron and a distinct aesthetic of red brick that would define Danish civic architecture for five decades. This project established its creator as a leading proponent of a national architectural identity, positioning him in direct opposition to the prevailing European schools of design championed by contemporaries like Ferdinand Meldahl and Vilhelm Dahlerup.
Early Development and Training
Born in 1818 in Copenhagen, Johan Daniel Herholdt initially developed his technical skills as a carpenter, a trade he practiced until 1840. During periods of limited employment, he balanced his practical work with evening studies at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and daytime drawing lessons under mentors Gustav Hetsch and Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll. Between 1841 and 1845, he undertook an extensive educational journey across Denmark, Norway, and Northern Germany, examining building methods before finalizing his formal architectural training in Copenhagen.
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Herholdt’s career gained momentum through the design of substantial villas and manor houses. His breakthrough arrived with the successful bid for the Copenhagen University Library, which marked the first competition of its kind in the country. By utilizing a Neo-Gothic aesthetic combined with innovative cast-iron framing, he introduced a functional shift in large-scale building design. Following this achievement, he became a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in 1861, cementing his status within the national architectural community.
Professional Scope and Institutional Work
Throughout the latter half of the 19th century, Herholdt’s portfolio expanded to include commercial and municipal infrastructure. His notable commissions included the second Copenhagen Central Station, the National Bank of Denmark, and the Odense City Hall. Additionally, he maintained a long-standing association with the College of Advanced Technology, where he contributed to the design of its facility complex and served as an educator. His diverse output also encompassed specialized structures, such as the Botanical Laboratory in the Copenhagen Botanical Garden and various custom houses.
Decorations and Legacy
Herholdt’s influence on the Danish built environment spanned the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His career was marked by several honors from the Danish state, including the Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1862, the Decoration of the Cross of Honour of the Dannebrog in 1875, the Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1887, and the Knight Grand Officer of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1890. He died in Copenhagen in 1902 and was interred at Vestre Cemetery.
Fast facts
- Born: 1818, Copenhagen
- Died: 1902, Copenhagen
- Education: Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
- Notable Work: Copenhagen University Library
- Career Start: Carpenter
- Award: Knight Grand Officer of the Order of the Dannebrog
- Burial Site: Vestre Cemetery
Questions readers ask
What characterized Herholdt's architectural style?
He is recognized for a Historicist approach that emphasized the use of red brick in large-scale buildings and the integration of cast-iron structural systems.
Which of his major buildings were demolished?
The second Copenhagen Central Station and the National Bank of Denmark were both demolished after their construction.
Achievements
- Notable work: Copenhagen University Library
- Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog
- Decoration of the Cross of Honour of the Dannebrog
- commander of the Order of the Dannebrog
- Trained at Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
