The Republic of New Granada elected Francisco de Paula Santander as its president in 1832, marking a return to power for the general who had previously governed as vice-president during the era of Gran Colombia. A key architect of the region’s independence, he remains recognized for institutionalizing public education and establishing the legal frameworks that defined his nation's early democratic trajectory.
Military Career and Independence
Born in 1792 in Villa del Rosario, Santander pursued early studies at St. Bartholomew Major College and Saint Thomas Aquinas University. In 1810, he abandoned his academic pursuits to engage in the revolutionary movement. His military career began with the Centralists before he transitioned to the Federalist United Provinces of New Granada. After enduring capture in 1813, he served alongside Simón Bolívar in the defense of the Cucuta Valley. Following a defeat at the Battle of Cachirí, he joined forces in Casanare and subsequently the Guayana region. In 1819, he led troops at the battles of Paya, Gameza, Vargas Swamp, and Boyacá.
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Following the creation of Gran Colombia in 1819, Santander served as vice-president, acting as the primary administrator while Bolívar was away on military campaigns. His tenure ended in 1827 following political friction with Bolívar, who accused him of involvement in an assassination plot. Despite the absence of evidence, he was sentenced to death, though the penalty was later commuted to exile. He spent four years in Europe and the United States before returning to local politics.
Presidency and Legacy
Upon his return, Santander served as President of the Republic of New Granada from 1832 until 1837. During this time, he focused on governmental organization and the implementation of public education initiatives. After his presidency, he served as a representative for Bogotá in the chamber of representatives. He died on May 6, 1840, in Bogotá, and was interred at the Central Cemetery of Bogotá.
Fast facts
- Born: 1792, Villa del Rosario
- Died: 1840, Bogotá
- Military Rank: General
- President of Colombia: 1832-1837
- Education: Saint Thomas Aquinas University; St. Bartholomew Major College
- Place of Burial: Central Cemetery of Bogotá
Questions readers ask
What is Francisco de Paula Santander best known for?
He is widely recognized as the organizer of victory during the war for independence and for establishing the foundations of public education and democratic law in Colombia.
Why was Santander exiled?
In 1828, Simón Bolívar accused him of masterminding an assassination plot against him, leading to a death sentence that was eventually commuted to four years of exile.
