The architectural landscape of the twentieth century shifted significantly when hollow tube structural systems replaced traditional rigid steel frames in high-rise construction. Developed by Fazlur Khan, this engineering innovation allowed skyscrapers to achieve unprecedented heights by utilizing the perimeter of a building to provide necessary vertical durability and lateral resistance against wind and seismic forces.
Early Education and Academic Foundation
Born in Dhaka in 1929, Khan received his foundational schooling at Armanitola Government High School and Dhanmondi Government Boys' High School. He pursued higher education at the University of Dhaka and the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. In 1952, he moved to the United States on a Fulbright Scholarship to attend the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where he earned two master's degrees and a doctorate in structural engineering.
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Upon joining the firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in 1955, Khan began a career focused on material efficiency. By simulating a thin-walled tube through exterior wall support, he revolutionized the design of buildings exceeding 40 stories. This method reduced the volume of structural materials required, enhanced economic viability, and allowed for greater flexibility in interior spatial configuration.
Defining Projects and Legacy
Khan's portfolio includes several significant structures that redefined urban horizons, most notably the Willis Tower and 875 North Michigan Avenue. His contributions extended beyond commercial skyscrapers to include the King Abdulaziz International Airport, One Magnificent Mile, Onterie Center, and Five Star Bank Plaza. He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and received the Independence Award for his professional impact.
Fast facts
- Born: 1929, Dhaka
- Died: 1982, Jeddah
- Citizenship: United States, Pakistan, Bangladesh, British Raj
- Notable Works: Willis Tower, 875 North Michigan Avenue
- Education: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
- Award: Independence Award
- Burial Site: Graceland Cemetery
Questions readers ask
What core concept did Fazlur Khan introduce to high-rise architecture?
He introduced the tube structural system, which uses the perimeter of a building as a rigid structural frame to withstand lateral loads.
Where is Fazlur Khan buried?
He is buried at Graceland Cemetery.
Achievements
- Notable work: Willis Tower
- Notable work: 875 North Michigan Avenue
- Notable work: King Abdulaziz International Airport
- Notable work: King Abdulaziz University
- Educated at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
- Worked as civil engineer, architect and structural engineer
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