Al-Bahir fi'l-jabr, a treatise written when the author was nineteen, remains the primary evidence of the mathematical rigour established by Al-Samawal al-Maghribi. Born in Baghdad in 1130, this scholar bridged the disciplines of astronomy, medicine, and philosophy while navigating the shifting religious and intellectual landscape of the Abbasid Caliphate during the twelfth century.
Mathematical Contributions
Al-Samawal al-Maghribi built upon the foundations laid by earlier mathematicians such as al-Karaji. His work in algebra included the application of the binomial theorem for exponents up to n=12. He effectively utilized the concepts of mathematical induction to advance the study of Pascal's triangle, establishing techniques that would define his contributions to the field long before such methods were explicitly formalized.
Life and Religious Transition
Born to a Jewish family of Moroccan descent, he was the son of a rabbi named Yehuda ibn Abun. Though he maintained a Jewish identity for the early portion of his life, he underwent a significant transition in 1163. Following a dream he interpreted as a directive, he openly converted to Islam, a choice that followed years of concealing his faith to avoid conflict with his father.
Polemics and Literary Output
Beyond his scientific pursuits, he produced Ifham al-Yahud, a polemic work written in Arabic that debated the tenets of Judaism. This text established his reputation in religious discourse. Historically, he has been confused with other figures, notably a different individual from the eleventh century sometimes incorrectly linked to Latin translations of texts critiquing Jewish doctrines.
Professional Scope
His career spanned multiple domains of knowledge, operating as an astronomer, physician, and mathematician under the Abbasid Caliphate. His work in philosophy informed his broader intellectual output. He lived for approximately fifty years, eventually settling in Maragheh, where he died around 1180.
Fast facts
- Born: 1130, Baghdad
- Died: 1180, Maragheh
- Primary Fields: Mathematics, Astronomy, Medicine, Philosophy
- Notable Work: Al-Bahir fi'l-jabr
- Polemic Work: Ifham al-Yahud
- Father: Yehuda ibn Abun
- Conversion Date: 1163
- Citizenship: Abbasid Caliphate
Questions readers ask
What is Al-Bahir fi'l-jabr?
It is a mathematical treatise on algebra, which translates to The Brilliant in Algebra, written by the author at age nineteen.
Why did Al-Samawal al-Maghribi convert to Islam?
He converted to Islam in 1163 after experiencing a dream that he interpreted as a command to change his religion.
Achievements
- Worked as mathematician, astronomer and physician
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