Muslim Geniuses and Islamic Golden Age Minds

Abdus Salam

Pakistani theoretical physicist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics

Abu al Ala Al Ma'arri

Blind Arab philosopher, poet, and writer who Lived during the Islamic Golden Age

Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan

His 'three principles' theory of generalized chemical properties, one of which, sulphur representative of combustion, wa

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni

An Iranian scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age.

Al-Battani

A Syrian Arab astronomer, and mathematician.

Al-Kindi

A Muslim philosopher, mathematician, physician, and musician who is hailed as the "father of Arab philosophy".

Ibn al-Haytham

A Muslim Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age who is referred to as the father of mod

Ali Pasha of Ioannina

Was an Ottoman Albanian ruler who served as pasha of a large part of western Rumelia, the Ottoman Empire's European terr

Alireza Firouzja

An Iranian chess player who earned the Grandmaster title at the age of 14.

Averroes - Ibn Rushd

A Muslim Andalusi scholar and philosopher.

Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi

A Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, and important figure in the history of medicine.

Muhammad Ali

American boxer, philanthropist and activist

Omar Khayyam

A Persian polymath, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and poet best known for the Rubaiyat.

Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli

Was a Turkic scholar and a court companion of three Abbāsid caliphs.

Tawakkol Karman

A Yemeni Nobel Laureate, journalist, politician, and human rights activist

Albert Camus

A French writer, philosopher and journalist.

Albertus Magnus

A 13th century German Dominican friar and saint

Alexander the Great

A king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

Andreas Vesalius

A 16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De Humani

Aristotle

A Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece.

Avicenna

A Medieval Persian polymath, physician and philosopher

Ayn Rand

Russian-American writer and philosopher

Bertrand Russell

A British polymath, philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobe

Charlemagne

The King of the Franks, the King of the Lombards, and the Emperor of the Romans who united the majority of western and c

Christopher Columbus

An explorer and navigator from Genoa (now part of Italy) who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening t

Christopher Hitchens

An English intellectual, polemicist, and socio-political critic, who expressed himself as an author, orator, essayist an

Ptolemy

2nd-century Greco-Egyptian writer & astronomer who wrote several scientific treatises, three of which were of importance

Cleopatra

Was queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, and its last active ruler.

Confucius

a Chinese philosopher considered the paragon of Chinese sages

Daniel Barenboim

A pianist and conductor who is a citizen of Argentina, Israel, Palestine, and Spain who gave his first formal concert in

Daniel Defoe

An English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer and spy most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719.

David Livingstone

A Scottish physician, Congregationalist, and pioneer Christian missionary who is one of the most popular British heroes

Diophantus

An Alexandrian genius mathematician, who was the author of a series of books called Arithmetica.

Meister Eckhart

A German theologian, philosopher and mystic who rose into prominence during the Avignon Papacy.

Vilna Gaon

A Talmudist, Halakhist, and Kabbalist who encouraged his students to study natural sciences, and even translated geometr

Elizabeth I

A Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last of the five monarchs of t

Voltaire

French writer, historian & philosopher who wrote more than 20,000 letters and 2,000 books and pamphlets.

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

13th century Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor

Fyodor Dostoevsky

One of the greatest Russian authors of the 19th century whose works deal with human nature, religion, atheism, revolutio

Galen

A Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire.

Garry Kasparov

A Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer, and political activist and commentator

Genghis Khan

Creating one of the greatest empires in history.

Geoffrey Chaucer

An English poet and author who is credited as the creator of modern English poetry and literature as a whole.

George Berkeley

An Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism"

Giordano Bruno

An Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, cosmological theorist, and Hermetic occultist.

Hannah Arendt

A German-born American political theorist who was an avid critic of totalitarian regimes, Nazism and Fascism in particul

Hans Christian Andersen

A Danish author who is one of the most well-known authors of fairy tales.

Heinrich Heine

A German poet, writer, and literary critic best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry.

Henri Matisse

A French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship

Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.

A United States Army general who led all coalition forces in the Gulf War.

Hippocrates

A Greek physician of Classical Greece, who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine

Hou Yifan

A Chinese chess grandmaster and four time Women's World Chess Champion.

Ibn Arabi

An Andalusian Muslim scholar, mystic, poet, and philosopher, extremely influential within Islamic thought

Isaac Asimov

An American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University who is considered one of the most influential sci-

Jean-François Champollion

A French scholar, philologist and orientalist, known primarily as the decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs and a founding

John Wallis

An English clergyman and mathematician who is given partial credit for the development of infinitesimal calculus.

John H. Sununu

An American politician who was White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush.

John F. Kennedy

An American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination near the

John Calvin

A French theologian, pastor, and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.

Jorge Luis Borges

An Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet, and translator best-known for Ficciones (Fictions) and El Aleph (The Al

Leon Battista Alberti

An Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer.

Lord Byron

An English peer who was a poet and politician. Byron was one of the leading figures of the Romantic movement.

Marco Polo

A Venetian merchant explorer, and writer who traveled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295.

Martin Heidegger

A German philosopher who is widely regarded as one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century.

Martin Luther

A German professor of theology, priest, author, composer, Augustinian monk, and a seminal figure in the Reformation.

Mary Wollstonecraft

An English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights.

Muhammad Ali of Egypt

An Albanian Ottoman governor and the de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, who is considered the founder of modern

Mimar Sinan

Was the chief Ottoman architect who was responsible for the construction of more than 300 major structures.

Mahatma Gandhi

An Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the succes

Maimonides

12th-century Sephardic Jewish rabbi & scholar who is considered to be the greatest Jewish scholar in the Second Milleniu

Napoleon Bonaparte

Military & statesman genius. The First Emperor of the French people

Nicolas Malebranche

A French Oratorian priest and rationalist philosopher. In his works, he sought to synthesize the thought of St. Augustin

Nicolaus Copernicus

A Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the univers

Noam Chomsky

An American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic, and political activist. Sometimes call

Parmenides

Plato

An Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought and th

Plotinus

A major Hellenistic philosopher who lived in Roman Egypt.

Pythagoras

An ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism

Richard Cobden

An English Radical and Liberal politician, manufacturer, and a campaigner for free trade and peace.

Robert Clive

The first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency credited along with Warren Hastings for laying the foundation of Bri