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59 GENIUSES

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Polymaths are the rarest kind of genius — the ones who refused to specialize. History has produced maybe 30 true universal geniuses; this page collects the most documented.

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni

An Iranian scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age.

Al-Kindi

Al-Kindi

A Muslim philosopher, mathematician, physician, and musician who is hailed as the "father of Arab philosophy".

Alexander von Humboldt

Alexander von Humboldt

IQ 180

A German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.

Ibn al-Haytham

Ibn al-Haytham

IQ 175

A Muslim Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age who is referred to as the father of mod

André-Marie Ampère

André-Marie Ampère

IQ 180

A French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism.

Aristotle

Aristotle

IQ 200

A Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece.

Athanasius Kircher

Athanasius Kircher

IQ 190

A German Jesuit scholar and polymath who published around 40 major works.

Averroes - Ibn Rushd

Averroes - Ibn Rushd

IQ 175

A Muslim Andalusi scholar and philosopher.

Avicenna

Avicenna

IQ 180

A Medieval Persian polymath, physician and philosopher

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin

IQ 180

American polymath and a Founding Father of the United States.

Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Russell

IQ 180

A British polymath, philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobe

Carl Jung

Carl Jung

IQ 165

A Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology.

Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage

IQ 170

A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer.

Christopher Hitchens

Christopher Hitchens

IQ 170

An English intellectual, polemicist, and socio-political critic, who expressed himself as an author, orator, essayist an

Daniel Defoe

Daniel Defoe

IQ 165

An English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer and spy most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719.

Eratosthenes

Eratosthenes

IQ 175

A Greek mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was the chief librarian at the Library of Al

Francis Galton

Francis Galton

IQ 145

An English Victorian era polymath who was proponent of social Darwinism, eugenics and scientific racism.

Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei

IQ 180

An Italian astronomer whose works deeply contributed to the field. He is regarded as the father of observational astrono

George Berkeley

George Berkeley

IQ 180

An Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism"

Gerolamo Cardano

Gerolamo Cardano

IQ 175

An Italian polymath was one of the key figures in the foundation of probability and the earliest introducer of the binom

Girolamo Savonarola

Girolamo Savonarola

IQ 155

An Italian Dominican friar from Ferrara and preacher active in Renaissance Florence

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

IQ 182

A German philosopher, mathematician, scientist, diplomat and polymath. He is a prominent figure in both the history of p

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa

IQ 160

A German polymath, physician, theologian, and occult writer widely considered as the top occultists of the early modern

Hildegard of Bingen

Hildegard of Bingen

IQ 160

A German Benedictine abbess who is among the best best-known composers of sacred monophony

Hypatia

Hypatia

IQ 170

Neoplatonist philosopher and mathematician who was a prominent thinker of the Neoplatonic school in Alexandria where she

Jean-François Champollion

Jean-François Champollion

IQ 175

A French scholar, philologist and orientalist, known primarily as the decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs and a founding

John Herschel

John Herschel

An English polymath, mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor, an experimental photographer who invented the bluepri

John Calvin

John Calvin

A French theologian, pastor, and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.

John von Neumann

John von Neumann

IQ 190

Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, engineer and polymath.

Henri Poincaré

Henri Poincaré

IQ 190

French mathematician, physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science who made fundamental contributions to pure and app

Larry Page

Larry Page

An American business magnate who co-founded Google along with Sergey Brin.

Leon Battista Alberti

Leon Battista Alberti

IQ 180

An Italian Renaissance humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer.

Leonardo Da Vinci

Leonardo Da Vinci

IQ 200

Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest minds and painters of all time

Martin Gardner

Martin Gardner

Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science; "Mathematical Games" (Scientific American column); The Annotated Alice; The

Mary Somerville

Mary Somerville

IQ 180

A Scottish scientist, writer, and polymath who played a crucial role in the women's rights movement in the United Kingdo

Michelangelo

Michelangelo

IQ 177

An Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance who is one of the most recognized artists in th

Maimonides

Maimonides

IQ 170

12th-century Sephardic Jewish rabbi & scholar who is considered to be the greatest Jewish scholar in the Second Milleniu

Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi

Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi

IQ 170

A Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, and important figure in the history of medicine.

Nicolas Steno

Nicolas Steno

A Danish scientist, a pioneer in both anatomy and geology who became a Catholic bishop in his later years.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus

IQ 173

A Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the univers

Omar Khayyam

Omar Khayyam

IQ 160

A Persian polymath, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and poet best known for the Rubaiyat.

Otto Weininger

Otto Weininger

IQ 155

An Austrian thinker who lived in the Austro-Hungarian Empire whose writings were adapted for use by the Nazi party.

Pierre Beaumarchais

Pierre Beaumarchais

IQ 165

French polymath & renaissance man

Pierre-Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon Laplace

IQ 195

A French scholar and polymath whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physi

Posidonius

Posidonius

IQ 170

A Greek politician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, historian, mathematician, and teacher.

Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke

An English polymath active as a scientist and architect, who, using a microscope, was the first to visualize a micro-org

Roger Joseph Boscovich

Roger Joseph Boscovich

IQ 185

A physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, and Jesuit priest from the Republic of

Satyendra Nath Bose

Satyendra Nath Bose

IQ 185

An Indian mathematician and physicist specialising in theoretical physics.

Theophrastus

Theophrastus

IQ 175

A Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos who was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school.

Thomas Young

Thomas Young

IQ 185

A British polymath who made notable contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, l

Thomas Browne

Thomas Browne

IQ 175

An English polymath and author of varied works which reveal his wide learning in diverse fields including science and me

Wilhelm Ostwald

Wilhelm Ostwald

IQ 190

A Baltic German chemist and philosopher who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his scientific contributio

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare

IQ 190

An English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's g

William Whewell

William Whewell

IQ 175

An English polymath, scientist, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science.

Yeshayahu Leibowitz

Yeshayahu Leibowitz

Greatest Israeli philosopher

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson

IQ 154

An American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third President o

Stephen Fry

Stephen Fry

An English actor, broadcaster, comedian, director and writer.

Shen Kuo

Shen Kuo

Octavio Paz

Octavio Paz

the life and legacy of Octavio Paz, a Nobel Prize-winning Mexican poet.

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Часто задаваемые вопросы

What is a polymath?

A polymath is a person whose expertise spans many disciplines at a professional level — traditionally called a "Renaissance man" or "universal genius".

Who is the greatest polymath ever?

Leonardo da Vinci is nearly universally ranked the greatest polymath in history; Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Newton, Goethe, and von Neumann follow.

Is Elon Musk a polymath?

Musk is a founder and product thinker across rockets, cars, AI, and neural interfaces — more of a cross-domain executive than a classical research polymath.

Who was the last universal genius?

Henri Poincaré (d. 1912) or John von Neumann (d. 1957) are most often cited — after them, knowledge became too specialized for any one person to master.

What is the Renaissance man ideal?

The Renaissance man was a person who embodied the Italian Renaissance ideal of developing mind, body, and artistic skill — Leonardo and Alberti defined the archetype.