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最も偉大なフランスの天才たち

France has won the most Fields Medals per capita and produced the Enlightenment's intellectual capital. The 137 profiles below are the minds behind French science, philosophy, art, and statecraft.

Adolphe Thiers

Adolphe Thiers

IQ 160

A French statesman and historian.

Adrien Marie Legendre

Adrien Marie Legendre

IQ 175

A French mathematician who made numerous contributions to mathematics.

Alexandre Dumas

Alexandre Dumas

French writer and dramatist.

Alphonse de Lamartine

Alphonse de Lamartine

IQ 160

A French author, poet and statesman.

André-Marie Ampère

André-Marie Ampère

IQ 180

A French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism.

André Marie Jean Jacques Dupin

André Marie Jean Jacques Dupin

IQ 160

Serving in as President of the Chamber of Deputies for 7 years.

Anne Robert Jacques Turgot

Anne Robert Jacques Turgot

IQ 170

A French economist and statesman.

Antoine Lavoisier

Antoine Lavoisier

IQ 180

A French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution.

Antoine Arnauld

Antoine Arnauld

IQ 175

A French Roman Catholic theologian, philosopher and mathematician.

Auguste de Marmont

Auguste de Marmont

IQ 150

A French general and nobleman who rose to the rank of Marshal of the Empire.

Auguste Rodin

Auguste Rodin

a French sculptor generally considered the founder of modern sculpture.

Auguste Comte

Auguste Comte

IQ 185

A French philosopher and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism.

Augustin-Louis Cauchy

Augustin-Louis Cauchy

IQ 160

A French mathematician, engineer, and physicist who made pioneering contributions to several branches of mathematics.

Augustin-Jean Fresnel

Augustin-Jean Fresnel

IQ 180

A French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory

Benoît de Maillet

Benoît de Maillet

IQ 150

A well-travelled French diplomat and natural historian.

Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal

IQ 185

Pascal's law

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

IQ 175

French scientist & naturalist of the 18th century

Camille Saint-Saëns

Camille Saint-Saëns

A French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era.

Cardinal Richelieu

Cardinal Richelieu

IQ 160

A French clergyman and statesman.

Charlemagne

Charlemagne

IQ 180

The King of the Franks, the King of the Lombards, and the Emperor of the Romans who united the majority of western and c

Charles Nicolle

Charles Nicolle

A French bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine

Charles-Valentin Alkan

Charles-Valentin Alkan

A French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist.

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

IQ 170

Coulomb's law

Charles-Guillaume Étienne

Charles-Guillaume Étienne

IQ 160

A 19th-century French playwright.

Montesquieu

Montesquieu

IQ 165

A French social commentator & political thinker

Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve

Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve

IQ 165

A French literary critic.

Claude Adrien Helvétius

Claude Adrien Helvétius

IQ 160

A French philosopher, freemason and littérateur.

Claude Bernard

Claude Bernard

IQ 160

Physiology

Claude Monet

Claude Monet

French painter and the founder of the French Impressionist painting movement

Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney

Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney

IQ 170

A French philosopher, abolitionist, writer, orientalist, and politician who was one of the first modern writers to advoc

Émile Durkheim

Émile Durkheim

IQ 170

A French sociologist who is considered to be the principal architect of modern social science along with Max Weber

Denis Diderot

Denis Diderot

IQ 180

La Religieuse

Denis Papin

Denis Papin

IQ 180

a French physicist, mathematician and inventor, best known for his pioneering invention of the steam digester, the forer

Marquis de Sade

Marquis de Sade

IQ 165

A French nobleman, revolutionary politician, philosopher and writer best known for The 120 Days of Sodom and Justine.

Ernest Renan

Ernest Renan

IQ 170

A French Orientalist and Semitic scholar who wrote influential and pioneering historical works on the origins of early C

Étienne Bacrot

Étienne Bacrot

A French chess grandmaster and former chess prodigy who became the first French player to enter the top 10 in January 20

Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

IQ 180

A genius French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He believed in the underlying unity

Évariste Galois

Évariste Galois

IQ 165

A French mathematician and political activist. He solved a mathematical problem nobody could solve for 350 years when he

François Quesnay

François Quesnay

IQ 165

A French economist and physician who is one of the fathers of political economy.

François Rabelais

François Rabelais

IQ 170

A French Renaissance writer, physician, Renaissance humanist, monk, and Greek scholar.

Voltaire

Voltaire

IQ 190

French writer, historian & philosopher who wrote more than 20,000 letters and 2,000 books and pamphlets.

François Guizot

François Guizot

IQ 165

French historian, orator, and statesman.

François-René de Chateaubriand

François-René de Chateaubriand

IQ 160

A French writer, politician, diplomat and historian who dominated the literary scene in France in the first half of the

François Fénelon

François Fénelon

IQ 180

French Roman Catholic archbishop, theologian, poet and writer

François de La Rochefoucauld (writer)

François de La Rochefoucauld (writer)

IQ 170

A noted French moralist and author of maxims and memoirs

François de La Mothe Le Vayer

François de La Mothe Le Vayer

IQ 170

A French writer who was the tutor of Louis XIV.

George Sand

George Sand

IQ 160

A French novelist, memoirist, and journalist who had a vibrant personal and literary life.

Georges Bizet

Georges Bizet

French composer

Georges Cuvier

Georges Cuvier

IQ 170

A French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology".

Georges Danton

Georges Danton

IQ 155

A leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution who was guillotined by the advocates of revolutionary terr

Germaine de Staël

Germaine de Staël

IQ 175

A French woman of letters and political theorist of Genevan origin.

Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp

IQ 175

A French-American painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual

Henri Matisse

Henri Matisse

A French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship

Henri de Saint-Simon

Henri de Saint-Simon

IQ 165

A French political, economic and socialist theorist who created a political and economic ideology known as Saint-Simonia

Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau

Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau

IQ 180

A leader of the early stages of the French Revolution

Honoré de Balzac

Honoré de Balzac

IQ 155

A French novelist and playwright best-known for his magnum opus novel sequence La Comédie humaine.

Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais

Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais

IQ 170

A French Catholic priest, philosopher and political theorist. He was an ardent supporter of separation of church and sta

Irène Joliot-Curie

Irène Joliot-Curie

A French chemist, physicist, and politician who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of

Jacques Cousteau

Jacques Cousteau

a French naval officer, explorer, and conservationist who co-developed the Aqua-Lung and pioneered marine conservation

Jacques Auguste de Thou

Jacques Auguste de Thou

IQ 175

A French historian, book collector and president of the Parlement de Paris.

Jacques Necker

Jacques Necker

IQ 155

A Genevan banker who served as finance minister for Louis XVI and a statesman

Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet

Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet

IQ 180

A French bishop and theologian who is considered by many to be one of the most brilliant orators of all time.

Jean de La Bruyère

Jean de La Bruyère

IQ 165

A French philosopher and moralist, who was noted for his satire

Léon Foucault

Léon Foucault

IQ 160

A French physicist best known for his demonstration of the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating the effect of the E

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

A French naturalist who was one of the first to propose that biological evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance w

Jean Meslier

Jean Meslier

IQ 170

A French Catholic priest who wrote a book-length philosophical essay promoting atheism and materialism

Jean Victor Marie Moreau

Jean Victor Marie Moreau

IQ 145

A French general who helped Napoleon Bonaparte to power, but later became a rival and was banished to the United States

Jean Racine

Jean Racine

IQ 170

A French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of 17th-century France

Jean-Baptiste-Claude Delisle de Sales

Jean-Baptiste-Claude Delisle de Sales

IQ 185

A French philosopher noted for his multi-edition, multi-volume opus The Philosophy of Nature: Treatise on Human Moral Na

Jean Sylvain Bailly

Jean Sylvain Bailly

IQ 180

French astronomer, mathematician, freemason, and political leader of the early part of the French Revolution.

Jean-Paul Marat

Jean-Paul Marat

IQ 170

A French political theorist, physician, and scientist who was a journalist and politician during the French Revolution.

Jean-François Champollion

Jean-François Champollion

IQ 175

A French scholar, philologist and orientalist, known primarily as the decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs and a founding

Jean le Rond d'Alembert

Jean le Rond d'Alembert

IQ 185

A French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist

Jean Fernel

Jean Fernel

IQ 180

A French physician who was the first person to describe the spinal canal.

Jean de La Fontaine

Jean de La Fontaine

IQ 155

A French fabulist and one of the most widely read French poets of the 17th century.

Joseph Fourier

Joseph Fourier

IQ 180

A French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series.

Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre

IQ 155

A French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter who is one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentiali

John Calvin

John Calvin

A French theologian, pastor, and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.

Joseph Fouché

Joseph Fouché

IQ 165

French statesman and Minister of Police under First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte

Joseph Justus Scaliger

Joseph Justus Scaliger

A French Calvinist religious leader and scholar, known for expanding the notion of classical history from Greek and anci

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よくある質問

Who is the greatest French genius?

Voltaire and Louis Pasteur are the most commonly named; Napoleon, Marie Curie (born Polish, worked in France), and Descartes are universal.

What did Pasteur discover?

Pasteur proved germ theory, invented pasteurization, and developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax.

Who wrote Les Misérables?

Victor Hugo wrote Les Misérables in 1862; it is among the longest and most-read novels in world literature.

Was Napoleon French?

Napoleon was born in Corsica in 1769, the year after France acquired it from Genoa — technically French from birth but culturally Italian.

Who invented cinema?

The Lumière brothers (Auguste and Louis) projected the first public film in Paris on December 28, 1895 — the birth of cinema.