Rebuilding the choir of Canterbury Cathedral between 1174 and 1177 established a foundational benchmark for the Early Gothic style in England. This project, directed by the French master mason William of Sens, introduced structural innovations such as six-part rib vaults and flying buttresses that successfully distributed the immense weight of the masonry while allowing for larger, light-filled windows.
Early Career and Influences
Before his tenure in England, William developed his expertise working on Sens Cathedral, recognized as the first complete Gothic structure in France. His proficiency in cathedral construction was likely informed by his exposure to early Gothic developments at locations including Notre-Dame de Paris, Soissons, Rheims, Cambrai, Arras, and Notre-Dame la Grande in Valenciennes.
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The choir of Canterbury Cathedral suffered significant destruction by fire in 1174. The cathedral chapter subsequently commissioned a group of French and English architects to determine the optimal reconstruction strategy. Following a review of his ideas and previous work, the chapter selected William to lead the project. He took responsibility for the area east of the crossing and the western transept, incorporating techniques such as high arcades and a structural contrast between pale Caen stone and dark Purbeck marble.
The Accident and Conclusion of Work
In 1177, a fall from scaffolding left William severely injured. Although he attempted to oversee the ongoing construction from his sickbed for a period, his condition eventually necessitated a return to France. He died in 1180. The project continued under the guidance of another architect, William the Englishman, who adhered to the original plans until the structure was finished in 1184. This final phase included the completion of the Trinity Chapel, the eastern transept, and the Corona, a domed shrine dedicated to Thomas Becket.
Fast facts
- Died: 11 August 1180
- Place of death: Canterbury
- Primary field: Architecture
- Notable work: Canterbury Cathedral
- Citizenship: France
- Key structural feature: Six-part rib vault
Questions readers ask
Who completed the work at Canterbury Cathedral after William of Sens left?
An architect known as William the Englishman took over the project and completed it in 1184.
What specific materials did William of Sens introduce to Canterbury?
He utilized a combination of pale Caen stone for the walls and dark Purbeck marble for the column shafts.
Achievements
- Notable work: Canterbury Cathedral
