The London amphitheatre opened by James Figg in 1719 established a template for professional combat sports by seating over 1,000 spectators for organized bouts. Although primarily an instructor in historical European martial arts, Figg gained recognition as a central figure in the early development of modern boxing through both his fighting career and his role as a venue promoter.
Early Career and Training
Originating from Thame, Oxfordshire, Figg arrived in London before 1714. He pursued training under the defence instructor Timothy Buck at Clare Market. By the early 18th century, he established himself as a prominent master of arms, teaching students techniques in swordplay, quarterstaff, cudgel combat, and bare-knuckle fighting at his school adjoining the City of Oxford tavern in Marylebone.
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In 1719, Figg transitioned from instructor to entrepreneur by opening an indoor venue for combat sports. He promoted a diverse schedule of events, ranging from animal blood sports like bear-baiting to high-profile matches featuring both male and female combatants, such as Elizabeth Wilkinson. On 20 January 1725, he organized the first international boxing match in modern history between Venetian gondolier Alberto di Carni and English drover Bob Whitaker, observed by George, Prince of Wales.
Rivalries and Fighting Style
Despite his posthumous association with boxing, Figg’s primary proficiency remained in weapons-based combat. He maintained a rigorous schedule, claiming to have won more than 200 matches. His rivalry with Edward Sutton was particularly notable; the two fought multiple public contests. In June 1727, before an audience including Prime Minister Robert Walpole and Jonathan Swift, Figg secured a victory over Sutton. His professional longevity included bouts against figures like John Holmes and Jack Broughton.
Public Standing and Legacy
Figg became a recognizable figure in London society, attracting audiences that included aristocrats, politicians, and artists. His social standing was solidified in 1729 when he was appointed gate-keeper to upper St James's Park by the Earl of Essex. He maintained a significant friendship with William Hogarth, appearing in various paintings such as Southwark Fair and A Rake's Progress. Figg died on 8 December 1734 and was buried in the churchyard of St Marylebone.
Fast facts
- Born: Thame, Oxfordshire
- Died: 8 December 1734, London
- Occupation: Boxer and fencer
- Burial site: St. Marylebone Churchyard
- International Boxing Hall of Fame induction: 1992
Questions readers ask
Was James Figg the first boxing champion?
He is posthumously considered the first boxing champion, though he primarily fought using weapons such as swords and quarterstaffs during his active career.
What was the significance of Figg's amphitheatre?
It was one of the first indoor venues of its kind, seating over 1,000 spectators and serving as the location for the first international boxing match in modern history.