The Royal Alcázar of Madrid served as the birthplace of Ferdinand VI in 1713, marking the beginning of a life defined by the complexities of the Bourbon dynasty. As the third ruler of this line, he ascended the Spanish throne in 1746, steering a neutral course through international waters during a period of frequent European military engagement.
Early Development and Accession
The infante experienced a difficult upbringing following the early death of his mother, Maria Luisa of Savoy. His father, Philip V, later married Elisabeth Farnese, whose favor remained with her own offspring, often sidelining Ferdinand. After the death of his older brother, Louis, Ferdinand became Prince of Asturias. His temperament was described as melancholic and reserved, finding his primary comfort in music and shooting rather than court politics.
Domestic Reform and Administration
Upon taking the crown, Ferdinand sought to curtail the influence of his stepmother's Italian courtiers. His administration focused on modernization, driven by the Marquis of Ensenada. Key initiatives included efforts to reform the taxation system through the cadastre and the establishment of the Giro Real bank in 1752 to manage public and private fund transfers. Naval expansion was prioritized, with significant investments in shipyards located in Cádiz, Ferrol, Cartagena, and Havana.
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Throughout his reign, the monarch maintained a policy of strict neutrality, avoiding entanglements in the conflicts between France and Great Britain. In 1753, he secured the Concord, granting the Crown rights of universal patronage from Pope Benedict XIV. Beyond politics, he served as a patron to the singer Farinelli and supported the foundation of the Royal Academy of the Fine Arts of San Fernando in 1752.
Final Years
The latter portion of his rule was overshadowed by mental instability, a condition observed in his predecessor. Following the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, he coordinated a nationwide survey to assess the damage. He died in 1759 at Villaviciosa de Odón and was interred at his own mausoleum. He was succeeded by his half-brother, Charles III, as he had produced no heirs with his wife, Barbara of Portugal.
Fast facts
- Born: 1713, Madrid
- Died: 1759, Villaviciosa de Odón
- Reign: 1746-1759
- Spouse: Barbara of Portugal
- Religion: Catholic Church
- Orders held: Golden Fleece, Holy Spirit, Saint Michael
- Successor: Charles III
Questions readers ask
Did Ferdinand VI have any children?
No, Ferdinand VI and his wife, Barbara of Portugal, had no children.
What major internal policy did he enact regarding religious groups?
In 1749, he authorized a general imprisonment of the Roma people, which resulted in the detention of 9,000 individuals.
What was his stance on freemasonry?
In 1751, he issued a formal ban on freemasonry in Spain, adhering to a previous papal condemnation.
Achievements
- Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit
- Knight of the Order of Saint Michael
- Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
- Worked as ruler
