The publication of Methodus Incrementorum Directa et Inversa in 1715 introduced a distinct branch of higher mathematics known as the calculus of finite differences. Authored by Brook Taylor, this work provided the foundational framework for Taylor's theorem, an essential development in mathematical analysis that later served as a cornerstone of the differential calculus as established by Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
Academic Foundations and Early Research
Born in Edmonton in 1685, Taylor pursued his education at St John's College, Cambridge, from 1703 until 1709. During these formative years, he studied under John Machin and John Keill. His early research focused on the center of oscillation, a problem that led to a priority dispute with Johann Bernoulli. By 1712, his contributions were formally acknowledged through his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society.
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Beyond his work on increments, Taylor authored an essay on linear perspective in 1715. While his mathematical insights were profound, his writing style frequently suffered from brevity and obscurity, which necessitated later explanatory treatises by Joshua Kirby and Daniel Fournier. Despite these stylistic challenges, his investigations into astronomical refraction and the physics of vibrating strings demonstrated a unique capability to engage with the advanced mathematical challenges of his era.
Institutional Involvement and Personal Life
Taylor served as the secretary of the Royal Society from 1714 to 1718, during which time he participated in the committee adjudicating claims regarding calculus between Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz. His personal life was marked by significant upheaval, including an initial estrangement from his father following his marriage to Miss Brydges in 1721. He later married Sabetta Sawbridge in 1725, residing at the Bifrons estate until his death in London in 1731.
Fast facts
- Born: 1685, Edmonton
- Died: 1731, London
- Education: St John's College, Cambridge
- Positions: Secretary of the Royal Society
- Notable Works: Taylor series, Taylor's theorem
- Citizenship: Kingdom of England
Questions readers ask
What is the primary contribution of Brook Taylor?
He is recognized for developing the Taylor series and Taylor's theorem, both of which are central to the study of mathematical analysis.
Where is Brook Taylor buried?
He is buried at St Anne's Churchyard.
Achievements
- Notable work: Taylor series
- Notable work: Taylor's theorem
- Affiliated with St John's College
- Educated at St John's College
- Worked as mathematician
