Arthur Kronfeld

German psychiatrist (1886–1941)

Arthur Kronfeld, a psychiatrist and philosopher born in Berlin in 1886, navigated a career defined by extensive academic output and eventual exile. Holding both Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Sciences degrees from Heidelberg University, he served as a university teacher at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin before his professional life transitioned to Moscow following his departure from the German Reich.

Academic Contributions and Psychiatry

Kronfeld produced numerous works addressing the intersection of psychology, psychotherapy, and psychiatry. His early publications, such as the 1906 study on sexuality and aesthetic feeling, preceded his 1912 critique of Freudian psychological theories. His 1927 habilitation thesis, Psychology in Psychiatry, established his academic standing. He further explored practical applications through texts on hypnosis, characterology, and the methods of social welfare services, often collaborating with figures such as S. Wronsky and Rolf Reiner. Additionally, he engaged in editorial work, notably for the periodical Psychotherapeutic Praxis alongside Wilhelm Stekel.

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Exile and Political Work in Moscow

Following his migration to the Soviet Union, Kronfeld became a central figure in the Moscow Society of Neuropathology and Psychiatry. Records show his active participation in professional discourse, including a 1936 exchange with fellow exile James Lewin. During this period, he also contributed to anti-fascist programming on Moscow radio.

Circumstances of Death

Arthur Kronfeld died in Moscow in 1941 at the age of 55. His death, which also involved his wife, occurred as German troops approached the city. While it is widely documented that the couple committed suicide, some historical accounts maintain a degree of controversy regarding the precise circumstances of their passing.

Fast facts

Questions readers ask

What subjects did Arthur Kronfeld teach?

He was a university teacher at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, specializing in psychiatry and psychology.

What was the focus of his 1941 pamphlet?

Degenerates in Power provided psychiatric diagnoses for Hitler and his associates.

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